CO₂ rises through the seasonal cycle
Monthly observations at Mauna Loa, from the frozen NOAA and Scripps record.
The monthly means rise over the long run while moving up and down within each year. Zoom into a few years to separate the seasonal cycle from that longer change.
The seasonal cycle sits on a long-term rise in CO₂
This chart cannot be displayed here: it needs JavaScript and WebGL.
Source: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, monthly CSV, retrieved 2 October 2026. Lan, Tans and Thoning, NOAA GML; Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Values are mole fractions in dry air. The CSV also retains the seasonally adjusted series, days measured and provenance notes.
Work with this example
Keep report.rmd and the CSV observations together in one folder. The snapshot stays fixed when the upstream record is revised.
richview generate report.rmd
Use the keyboard or pointer to inspect observations. The chart’s Table and CSV actions show the fields used here; the CSV above retains every original column.